diff --git a/manifest.json b/manifest.json
index 25b2ed0..5fa1a21 100644
--- a/manifest.json
+++ b/manifest.json
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
     "downloads",
     "scripting",
     "storage",
-    "offscreen"
+    "offscreen",
+    "notifications"
   ],
   "host_permissions": [
     "<all_urls>"
diff --git a/smoke.sh b/smoke.sh
index c582d4c..0f5e2d1 100755
--- a/smoke.sh
+++ b/smoke.sh
@@ -41,7 +41,25 @@ DOWNLOADS_DIR="${HOME}/Downloads"
 FIXTURE_DEST="${REPO_DIR}/tests/fixtures/last_30sec.webm"
 WEBM_TMP="/tmp/mokosh-last_30sec.webm"
 CHROME_LOG="/tmp/mokosh-chrome.log"
-SHARE_TARGET="Mokosh Smoke Test"
+# Plan 01-09 D-15-display-surface: SHARE_TARGET must match the OS-locale-
+# specific name Chrome's picker uses for entire-screen selection. Known
+# strings (Chrome stable, observed at plan-write time):
+#   English: "Entire screen"
+#   Russian: "Весь экран"
+#   German:  "Gesamter Bildschirm"
+#   French:  "Ecran entier"
+# Authoritative source: Chromium's grit resource definitions in
+# chrome/app/generated_resources.grd (per-locale .xtb translations under
+# chrome/app/resources/). The IDS_DESKTOP_MEDIA_PICKER_SOURCE_TYPE_SCREEN
+# identifier lives in the .grd, NOT in the .cc — per-locale translations
+# drift across Chrome major versions, so the only reliable check is to
+# run the picker once and inspect the source label in Chrome's UI.
+# If --auto-select-desktop-capture-source="${SHARE_TARGET}" fails to
+# auto-accept on the operator's Chrome locale, the operator picks the
+# screen manually one time; KEEP_PROFILE=1 on subsequent runs carries
+# the picker's last-pick memory across re-runs, sidestepping the
+# auto-select string altogether.
+SHARE_TARGET="Entire screen"
 CHROME_BIN="${CHROME_BIN:-/usr/bin/google-chrome-stable}"
 KEEP_PROFILE="${KEEP_PROFILE:-0}"
 POLL_TIMEOUT="${POLL_TIMEOUT:-900}"
@@ -104,7 +122,7 @@ fi
 
 # --- compose the smoke tab data URL ---
 read -r -d '' SMOKE_HTML <<'EOF' || true
-<title>Mokosh Smoke Test</title>
+<title>Mokosh Smoke Test — monitor mode</title>
 <style>
 body{font-family:sans-serif;background:#222;color:#eee;padding:40px;line-height:1.5}
 code{background:#444;padding:2px 6px;border-radius:3px}
@@ -128,12 +146,12 @@ ol li{margin:6px 0}
   <div><span class="lbl">wall</span> <span class="val" id="t-wall">--:--:--</span></div>
 </div>
 <h1>🧵 Mokosh Smoke Test</h1>
-<p>This tab is the share-screen target. The picker auto-accepts because the title matches <code>--auto-select-desktop-capture-source</code>.</p>
+<p>Plan 01-09: this tab is <em>informational</em>; the picker shares the whole monitor (D-15-display-surface charter). The picker auto-accepts the entire-screen source matching <code>--auto-select-desktop-capture-source="Entire screen"</code> (locale-specific — see SHARE_TARGET comment block in smoke.sh).</p>
 <h2>Steps:</h2>
 <ol>
 <li><strong class="flash">First time only:</strong> Go to <code>chrome://extensions</code> → toggle <strong>Developer mode</strong> ON → <strong>Load unpacked</strong> → select <code>/home/parf/projects/work/repremium/dist</code>.<br>(Set <code>KEEP_PROFILE=1</code> when re-running this script to skip the reload.)</li>
 <li>Click the <strong>AI Call Recorder</strong> toolbar icon (or puzzle-piece menu).</li>
-<li>The picker auto-accepts <em>this tab</em>. Confirm Chrome's "Sharing your screen" indicator appears.</li>
+<li>The picker auto-accepts <em>the entire screen</em> (not this tab — the new Plan 01-09 D-15-display-surface charter constrains to monitor mode). Confirm Chrome's "Sharing your screen" indicator appears.</li>
 <li>Wait <strong>≥ 35 seconds</strong>. <em>Note the timer value in the corner</em>. Move the mouse around or scroll this page so vp9 has frame deltas.</li>
 <li>Click the toolbar icon again → click <strong>Сохранить отчёт об ошибке</strong>. <em>Note T+ and wall at the moment you click — compare to the LAST visible timer values in the saved video. Gap = operator-visible "stale" window.</em></li>
 </ol>
diff --git a/src/background/index.ts b/src/background/index.ts
index 383d6b2..d6966f5 100644
--- a/src/background/index.ts
+++ b/src/background/index.ts
@@ -38,6 +38,74 @@ let isRecording = false;
 let offscreenCreated = false;
 let lastScreenshotTime = 0;
 let cachedScreenshot: Blob | null = null;
+
+// ─── Plan 01-09 badge palette + notification constants ───────────────
+// Project naming standard: SCREAMING_SNAKE for true constants. These
+// drive the operator-facing badge state machine + notification flow.
+const BADGE_REC_COLOR = '#00C853';     // material green
+const BADGE_OFF_COLOR = '#D32F2F';     // material red
+const BADGE_ERROR_COLOR = '#F9A825';   // material amber-700
+const BADGE_REC_TEXT = 'REC';
+const BADGE_OFF_TEXT = '';
+const BADGE_ERROR_TEXT = 'ERR';
+const BADGE_REC_TITLE = 'Recording — last 30 s buffered. Click to save.';
+const BADGE_OFF_TITLE = 'Not recording. Click to start.';
+const BADGE_ERROR_TITLE = 'Recording error. Click to try again.';
+const NOTIFICATION_ICON_PATH = 'icons/icon128.png';
+const NOTIFICATION_STARTUP_PREFIX = 'mokosh-startup-';
+const NOTIFICATION_RECOVERY_PREFIX = 'mokosh-recovery-';
+const POPUP_HTML_PATH = 'src/popup/index.html';
+
+// ─── Plan 01-09 badge state machine + mode helpers ───────────────────
+// 3-state machine: REC (during recording), OFF (idle), ERROR (after
+// RECORDING_ERROR). Each setBadgeState call is best-effort: chrome.action
+// methods may be undefined in unit-test contexts that did not stub the
+// whole surface — wrap each call in try/catch (defense in depth).
+type BadgeState = 'REC' | 'OFF' | 'ERROR';
+
+function setBadgeState(state: BadgeState): void {
+  let text: string;
+  let color: string;
+  let title: string;
+  if (state === 'REC') {
+    text = BADGE_REC_TEXT;
+    color = BADGE_REC_COLOR;
+    title = BADGE_REC_TITLE;
+  } else if (state === 'OFF') {
+    text = BADGE_OFF_TEXT;
+    color = BADGE_OFF_COLOR;
+    title = BADGE_OFF_TITLE;
+  } else {
+    text = BADGE_ERROR_TEXT;
+    color = BADGE_ERROR_COLOR;
+    title = BADGE_ERROR_TITLE;
+  }
+  try { chrome.action.setBadgeText({ text }); } catch (e) { logger.warn('setBadgeText failed:', e); }
+  try { chrome.action.setBadgeBackgroundColor({ color }); } catch (e) { logger.warn('setBadgeBackgroundColor failed:', e); }
+  try { chrome.action.setTitle({ title }); } catch (e) { logger.warn('setTitle failed:', e); }
+}
+
+// In idle mode the popup is empty ('' string) — this is what makes
+// chrome.action.onClicked fire on toolbar clicks (per the MV3 docs:
+// the click event only fires when no default_popup is set). In REC/
+// ERROR modes the popup html is set back so toolbar clicks open the
+// SAVE-only popup.
+function setIdleMode(): void {
+  try { chrome.action.setPopup({ popup: '' }); } catch (e) { logger.warn('setPopup OFF failed:', e); }
+  setBadgeState('OFF');
+}
+
+function setRecordingMode(): void {
+  try { chrome.action.setPopup({ popup: POPUP_HTML_PATH }); } catch (e) { logger.warn('setPopup REC failed:', e); }
+  setBadgeState('REC');
+}
+
+function setErrorMode(): void {
+  // ERROR mode keeps the popup accessible so the operator can still
+  // attempt SAVE if any data is buffered + see the error copy.
+  try { chrome.action.setPopup({ popup: POPUP_HTML_PATH }); } catch (e) { logger.warn('setPopup ERROR failed:', e); }
+  setBadgeState('ERROR');
+}
 // Port from offscreen (D-17). Re-assigned on every (re)connect.
 let videoPort: chrome.runtime.Port | null = null;
 // Offscreen readiness Promise — set up at module load, resolved on first
@@ -342,11 +410,17 @@ async function startVideoCapture() {
     }
 
     isRecording = true;
+    // Plan 01-09: transition badge + popup mode to REC so the toolbar
+    // click opens the SAVE-only popup (not re-fires onClicked).
+    setRecordingMode();
     logger.log('Video recording started successfully');
 
   } catch (error) {
     logger.error('Failed to start video capture:', error);
     isRecording = false;
+    // Plan 01-09: transition to ERROR state so the badge surfaces the
+    // failure visually and the popup is reachable for any next-action UI.
+    setErrorMode();
     throw error;
   }
 }
@@ -648,6 +722,27 @@ chrome.runtime.onMessage.addListener((message: Message, sender, sendResponse) =>
       offscreenReadyResolve = null;
       return false;
 
+    case 'RECORDING_ERROR':
+      // Plan 01-09 — the offscreen recorder broadcasts this on capture
+      // failure (codec missing, picker cancelled, wrong-display-surface,
+      // mid-record stream end, etc.). Surface to the operator via the
+      // badge + a recovery notification.
+      logger.warn('RECORDING_ERROR received:', message);
+      setErrorMode();
+      try {
+        const recoveryId = NOTIFICATION_RECOVERY_PREFIX + Date.now();
+        chrome.notifications.create(recoveryId, {
+          type: 'basic',
+          iconUrl: chrome.runtime.getURL(NOTIFICATION_ICON_PATH),
+          title: 'Mokosh stopped',
+          message: 'Recording stopped. Click here to start a new session.',
+          priority: 1,
+        });
+      } catch (e) {
+        logger.warn('Recovery notification create failed:', e);
+      }
+      return false;
+
     // Legacy chunk-streaming and IndexedDB save/load handlers were removed
     // in Plan 01-03:
     //   - the offscreen recorder now owns the buffer (D-16);
@@ -693,9 +788,85 @@ async function initialize() {
   } catch (err) {
     logger.warn('chrome.offscreen.hasDocument check failed:', err);
   }
+  // Plan 01-09: enter idle mode at SW init — sets popup to '' so the
+  // first toolbar click fires onClicked directly (skipping the popup),
+  // and paints the OFF badge so the operator sees recording state at
+  // a glance.
+  setIdleMode();
   logger.log('Service Worker initialized');
 }
 
+// ─── Plan 01-09 listener registrations ───────────────────────────────
+// All listener registrations are wrapped in try/catch so SW module load
+// stays defensively resilient when the chrome.action / chrome.notifications
+// / chrome.runtime.onStartup surfaces are absent or partially stubbed
+// (some unit test contexts only stub the runtime/tabs/offscreen subset).
+// In production all three surfaces are guaranteed by the MV3 manifest.
+
+// chrome.action.onClicked: fires ONLY when setPopup is '' (idle mode).
+// On click, if we are not already recording, start the capture. The
+// activation gesture is the toolbar click itself — getDisplayMedia
+// accepts that as a valid user gesture per the W3C Screen Capture spec.
+try {
+  chrome.action.onClicked.addListener(async () => {
+    if (isRecording) {
+      logger.log('Toolbar onClicked while already recording — no-op');
+      return;
+    }
+    try {
+      await startVideoCapture();
+    } catch (err) {
+      logger.warn('toolbar-onClicked start failed:', err);
+    }
+  });
+} catch (e) {
+  logger.warn('chrome.action.onClicked.addListener failed:', e);
+}
+
+// chrome.runtime.onStartup: fires once when a new browser session starts
+// (NOT on extension install — that's onInstalled). Show an OS-level
+// notification inviting the operator to start a recording.
+try {
+  chrome.runtime.onStartup.addListener(() => {
+    setIdleMode();
+    try {
+      const notificationId = NOTIFICATION_STARTUP_PREFIX + Date.now();
+      chrome.notifications.create(notificationId, {
+        type: 'basic',
+        iconUrl: chrome.runtime.getURL(NOTIFICATION_ICON_PATH),
+        title: 'Mokosh ready',
+        message: 'Click here to start recording your session.',
+        priority: 1,
+      });
+    } catch (e) {
+      logger.warn('Startup notification create failed:', e);
+    }
+  });
+} catch (e) {
+  logger.warn('chrome.runtime.onStartup.addListener failed:', e);
+}
+
+// chrome.notifications.onClicked: T-1-09-01 mitigation — only accept ids
+// in our 'mokosh-' namespace. chrome.notifications ids are per-extension
+// scoped at the OS level, but the prefix check is defense in depth.
+try {
+  chrome.notifications.onClicked.addListener((notificationId) => {
+    if (!notificationId.startsWith('mokosh-')) return;
+    try {
+      chrome.notifications.clear(notificationId);
+    } catch (e) {
+      logger.warn('notifications.clear failed:', e);
+    }
+    // The notification click is itself an activation gesture, so
+    // startVideoCapture can call getDisplayMedia successfully from here.
+    startVideoCapture().catch((err) => {
+      logger.warn('notification-triggered start failed:', err);
+    });
+  });
+} catch (e) {
+  logger.warn('chrome.notifications.onClicked.addListener failed:', e);
+}
+
 // Запуск при установке
 chrome.runtime.onInstalled.addListener((details) => {
   logger.log('Extension installed/updated:', details.reason);
diff --git a/src/popup/index.ts b/src/popup/index.ts
index 214b0db..34ecb58 100644
--- a/src/popup/index.ts
+++ b/src/popup/index.ts
@@ -5,9 +5,16 @@ const saveButton = document.getElementById('saveButton') as HTMLButtonElement;
 const statusMessage = document.getElementById('statusMessage') as HTMLDivElement;
 
 // Состояние
+// Plan 01-09: under the SAVE-only popup charter, the popup ONLY opens
+// when setPopup was switched to the html path (which happens in REC and
+// ERROR modes — see src/background/index.ts setRecordingMode/setErrorMode).
+// In OFF mode setPopup('') causes the toolbar click to fire onClicked
+// directly and skip the popup entirely. Therefore, when the popup
+// loads, we KNOW recording is active (or just errored) — initialize
+// hasPermissions to true so the SAVE button is enabled immediately.
 let popupState: PopupState = {
-  isRecording: false,
-  hasPermissions: false,
+  isRecording: true,
+  hasPermissions: true,
   status: 'idle'
 };
 
@@ -47,8 +54,12 @@ function updateUI() {
   }
 
   // Сообщение о статусе
+  // Plan 01-09: SAVE-only charter — the popup is ONLY accessible when
+  // recording is active (REC mode setPopup) or in ERROR (operator may
+  // still attempt SAVE). The empty-state copy points operators back to
+  // the toolbar icon for starting a NEW session.
   if (!popupState.hasPermissions && popupState.status === 'idle') {
-    statusMessage.textContent = 'Необходимо разрешение на запись экрана';
+    statusMessage.textContent = 'Откройте запись через иконку расширения';
     statusMessage.className = 'status-message error';
   } else {
     statusMessage.textContent = '';
@@ -56,69 +67,13 @@ function updateUI() {
   }
 }
 
-// Проверка разрешений при открытии popup
-async function checkPermissions() {
-  try {
-    log('Sending REQUEST_PERMISSIONS message...');
-    const response = await chrome.runtime.sendMessage({
-      type: 'REQUEST_PERMISSIONS'
-    });
-    log('Got response:', response);
-
-    popupState.hasPermissions = response.granted;
-    log('Permissions check:', popupState.hasPermissions);
-
-    if (popupState.hasPermissions) {
-      popupState.isRecording = true;
-    }
-
-    updateUI();
-
-    // Если нет разрешений, запрашиваем автоматически
-    if (!popupState.hasPermissions) {
-      await requestPermissions();
-    }
-
-  } catch (error) {
-    log('Error checking permissions:', error);
-    popupState.hasPermissions = false;
-    updateUI();
-  }
-}
-
-// Запрос разрешений
-async function requestPermissions() {
-  try {
-    const response = await chrome.runtime.sendMessage({
-      type: 'REQUEST_PERMISSIONS'
-    });
-
-    popupState.hasPermissions = response.granted;
-    popupState.isRecording = response.granted;
-
-    log('Permission request result:', response.granted);
-    updateUI();
-
-    if (!response.granted) {
-      statusMessage.textContent = 'Разрешение на запись обязательно для работы расширения';
-      statusMessage.className = 'status-message error';
-    }
-
-  } catch (error) {
-    log('Error requesting permissions:', error);
-    popupState.hasPermissions = false;
-    updateUI();
-  }
-}
+// Plan 01-09: removed checkPermissions / requestPermissions auto-start
+// path. The popup is now SAVE-only — the toolbar onClicked handler in
+// the SW owns recording start. See src/background/index.ts
+// chrome.action.onClicked.addListener for the new start flow.
 
 // Сохранение архива
 async function saveArchive() {
-  if (!popupState.hasPermissions) {
-    log('Cannot save: no permissions');
-    await requestPermissions();
-    return;
-  }
-
   popupState.status = 'saving';
   updateUI();
 
@@ -163,8 +118,12 @@ function init() {
   // Привязка событий
   saveButton.addEventListener('click', saveArchive);
 
-  // Проверяем разрешения при открытии
-  checkPermissions();
+  // Plan 01-09: SAVE-only popup — no permission round-trip on open. The
+  // popup is only reachable when recording is active (background SW sets
+  // setPopup to this html in REC/ERROR modes; OFF mode uses setPopup('')
+  // which makes the toolbar click fire onClicked instead). hasPermissions
+  // defaults to true so SAVE is enabled immediately.
+  updateUI();
 
   log('Popup initialized');
 }