test(01-09): RED — toolbar-onClicked + badge state machine + onStartup notification + popup SAVE-only

Plan 01-09 Task 3 RED — 13 tests across 3 new files:

tests/background/toolbar-action.test.ts (5 tests):
  A: chrome.action.onClicked.addListener registered at SW init
  B: onClicked while not recording triggers startVideoCapture
  C: onClicked while isRecording does NOT double-start
  D: setPopup('') in OFF mode, popup html path in REC mode
  E: popup init does NOT send REQUEST_PERMISSIONS + saveButton enabled
     (W-02 fix — without jsdom, uses node-env document stub)

tests/background/badge-state-machine.test.ts (4 tests):
  A: REC state = text 'REC' + #00C853 green + Recording title
  B: OFF state = text '' + #D32F2F red + Not recording title
     (fired at SW init via initialize → setIdleMode)
  C: ERROR state = text 'ERR' + #F9A825 yellow + error title
  D: RECORDING_ERROR onMessage triggers setBadgeText('ERR') within microtask

tests/background/onstartup-notification.test.ts (4 tests):
  A: chrome.runtime.onStartup.addListener registered at SW load
  B: onStartup fires exactly one mokosh-startup- notification
     with basic type + 'Mokosh ready' title + Click-instructed message
  C: notifications.onClicked with mokosh- id clears + triggers START_RECORDING
  D: RECORDING_ERROR onMessage triggers mokosh-recovery- notification

Task 4 will flip all 13 to GREEN by adding the listeners + state machine
+ helpers in src/background/index.ts, popup SAVE-only, manifest update.

Deviation Rule 3: jsdom not in node_modules; refactored Test E to use a
node-env document stub instead of @vitest-environment jsdom pragma.

tests/background/badge-state-machine.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+// tests/background/badge-state-machine.test.ts
+//
+// Plan 01-09 Task 3 RED — pins the 3-state badge contract:
+// REC (green, 'REC', recording title)
+// OFF (red, '', idle title)
+// ERROR (yellow, 'ERR', error title)
+//
+// Plus Test D: receiving RECORDING_ERROR via onMessage triggers
+// setBadgeState('ERROR') (asserted via setBadgeText spy receiving 'ERR').
+
+import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
+
+interface OnConnectCallback { (port: unknown): void; }
+interface OnMessageCallback {
+  (msg: unknown, sender: { id?: string }, sendResponse: (r: unknown) => void): boolean;
+}
+interface OnClickedCallback { (info?: unknown): void | Promise<void>; }
+interface OnNotificationClickedCallback { (notificationId: string): void; }
+
+interface BgChromeStub {
+  runtime: {
+    id: string;
+    getURL: (p: string) => string;
+    getManifest: () => { version: string };
+    sendMessage: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+    onMessage: { addListener: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>; _callbacks: OnMessageCallback[] };
+    onConnect: { addListener: (cb: OnConnectCallback) => void; _callbacks: OnConnectCallback[] };
+    onInstalled: { addListener: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn> };
+    onStartup: { addListener: (cb: () => void) => void; _callbacks: Array<() => void> };
+  };
+  offscreen: {
+    hasDocument?: () => Promise<boolean>;
+    createDocument: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+    Reason: { DISPLAY_MEDIA: 'DISPLAY_MEDIA' };
+  };
+  tabs: {
+    query: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+    sendMessage: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+    captureVisibleTab: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  };
+  downloads: { download: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn> };
+  action: {
+    onClicked: { addListener: (cb: OnClickedCallback) => void; _callbacks: OnClickedCallback[] };
+    setPopup: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+    setBadgeText: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+    setBadgeBackgroundColor: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+    setTitle: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  };
+  notifications: {
+    create: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+    clear: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+    onClicked: {
+      addListener: (cb: OnNotificationClickedCallback) => void;
+      _callbacks: OnNotificationClickedCallback[];
+    };
+  };
+}
+
+interface GlobalWithBgChrome {
+  chrome?: BgChromeStub;
+  indexedDB?: { deleteDatabase: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn> };
+}
+
+function buildBgStub(): BgChromeStub {
+  const stub: BgChromeStub = {
+    runtime: {
+      id: 'ext-id-test',
+      getURL: (p) => `chrome-extension://ext-id-test/${p}`,
+      getManifest: () => ({ version: '1.0.0' }),
+      sendMessage: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+      onMessage: { addListener: vi.fn(), _callbacks: [] },
+      onConnect: { addListener: (cb) => stub.runtime.onConnect._callbacks.push(cb), _callbacks: [] },
+      onInstalled: { addListener: vi.fn() },
+      onStartup: { addListener: (cb) => stub.runtime.onStartup._callbacks.push(cb), _callbacks: [] },
+    },
+    offscreen: {
+      hasDocument: async () => false,
+      createDocument: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+      Reason: { DISPLAY_MEDIA: 'DISPLAY_MEDIA' },
+    },
+    tabs: {
+      query: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue([{ id: 1, url: 'https://example.com', windowId: 100 }]),
+      sendMessage: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ events: [], userEvents: [] }),
+      captureVisibleTab: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue('data:image/png;base64,xx'),
+    },
+    downloads: { download: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(1) },
+    action: {
+      onClicked: { addListener: (cb) => stub.action.onClicked._callbacks.push(cb), _callbacks: [] },
+      setPopup: vi.fn(),
+      setBadgeText: vi.fn(),
+      setBadgeBackgroundColor: vi.fn(),
+      setTitle: vi.fn(),
+    },
+    notifications: {
+      create: vi.fn(),
+      clear: vi.fn(),
+      onClicked: {
+        addListener: (cb) => stub.notifications.onClicked._callbacks.push(cb),
+        _callbacks: [],
+      },
+    },
+  };
+  stub.runtime.onMessage.addListener.mockImplementation((cb: OnMessageCallback) => {
+    stub.runtime.onMessage._callbacks.push(cb);
+  });
+  return stub;
+}
+
+// Helper: filter setBadgeText calls by the text argument value.
+function badgeTextCallsFor(stub: BgChromeStub, text: string): unknown[][] {
+  return stub.action.setBadgeText.mock.calls.filter(
+    (args: unknown[]) => {
+      const opts = args[0] as { text?: unknown };
+      return typeof opts === 'object' && opts !== null && opts.text === text;
+    },
+  );
+}
+
+describe('Plan 01-09 Task 3: badge state machine REC/OFF/ERROR contract', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.resetModules();
+  });
+
+  // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  // Test A — REC state: setBadgeText('REC') + setBadgeBackgroundColor(green) + setTitle
+  //
+  // Triggered by chrome.action.onClicked firing startVideoCapture
+  // successfully (which calls setRecordingMode → setBadgeState('REC')).
+  // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  it('A: setBadgeState("REC") sets text="REC" + green background + recording title', async () => {
+    const stub = buildBgStub();
+    (globalThis as unknown as GlobalWithBgChrome).chrome = stub;
+    (globalThis as unknown as GlobalWithBgChrome).indexedDB = { deleteDatabase: vi.fn() };
+
+    await import('../../src/background/index');
+
+    // Connect a port + signal offscreen ready so startVideoCapture completes.
+    const port = {
+      name: 'video-keepalive',
+      sender: { id: 'ext-id-test' },
+      postMessage: vi.fn(),
+      onMessage: { addListener: vi.fn() },
+      onDisconnect: { addListener: vi.fn() },
+      disconnect: vi.fn(),
+    };
+    if (stub.runtime.onConnect._callbacks.length > 0) {
+      stub.runtime.onConnect._callbacks[0](port);
+    }
+    const onMsgHandler = stub.runtime.onMessage._callbacks[0];
+    onMsgHandler({ type: 'OFFSCREEN_READY' }, { id: 'ext-id-test' }, vi.fn());
+
+    const cb = stub.action.onClicked._callbacks[0];
+    cb();
+    for (let i = 0; i < 32; i++) await Promise.resolve();
+
+    // setBadgeText was called with text='REC'.
+    expect(badgeTextCallsFor(stub, 'REC').length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+    // setBadgeBackgroundColor was called with a green-ish color.
+    const greenCalls = stub.action.setBadgeBackgroundColor.mock.calls.filter(
+      (args: unknown[]) => {
+        const opts = args[0] as { color?: unknown };
+        const color = typeof opts === 'object' && opts !== null ? opts.color : undefined;
+        return typeof color === 'string' && /^#00[Cc]853$/.test(color);
+      },
+    );
+    expect(greenCalls.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+    // setTitle was called with the recording title.
+    const titleCalls = stub.action.setTitle.mock.calls.filter(
+      (args: unknown[]) => {
+        const opts = args[0] as { title?: unknown };
+        const title = typeof opts === 'object' && opts !== null ? opts.title : undefined;
+        return typeof title === 'string' && /Recording/i.test(title);
+      },
+    );
+    expect(titleCalls.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+  });
+
+  // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  // Test B — OFF state on SW init (initialize → setIdleMode → setBadgeState('OFF'))
+  // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  it('B: setBadgeState("OFF") sets text="" + red background + idle title (called at init)', async () => {
+    const stub = buildBgStub();
+    (globalThis as unknown as GlobalWithBgChrome).chrome = stub;
+    (globalThis as unknown as GlobalWithBgChrome).indexedDB = { deleteDatabase: vi.fn() };
+
+    await import('../../src/background/index');
+    // Drain so initialize completes.
+    for (let i = 0; i < 16; i++) await Promise.resolve();
+
+    // OFF text is empty string.
+    expect(badgeTextCallsFor(stub, '').length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+    const redCalls = stub.action.setBadgeBackgroundColor.mock.calls.filter(
+      (args: unknown[]) => {
+        const opts = args[0] as { color?: unknown };
+        const color = typeof opts === 'object' && opts !== null ? opts.color : undefined;
+        return typeof color === 'string' && /^#D32F2F$/i.test(color);
+      },
+    );
+    expect(redCalls.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+    const titleCalls = stub.action.setTitle.mock.calls.filter(
+      (args: unknown[]) => {
+        const opts = args[0] as { title?: unknown };
+        const title = typeof opts === 'object' && opts !== null ? opts.title : undefined;
+        return typeof title === 'string' && /Not recording/i.test(title);
+      },
+    );
+    expect(titleCalls.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+  });
+
+  // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  // Test C — ERROR state: setBadgeText('ERR') + yellow background + error title.
+  // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  it('C: setBadgeState("ERROR") sets text="ERR" + yellow background + error title', async () => {
+    const stub = buildBgStub();
+    (globalThis as unknown as GlobalWithBgChrome).chrome = stub;
+    (globalThis as unknown as GlobalWithBgChrome).indexedDB = { deleteDatabase: vi.fn() };
+
+    await import('../../src/background/index');
+    for (let i = 0; i < 8; i++) await Promise.resolve();
+
+    // Trigger ERROR via RECORDING_ERROR onMessage path.
+    const onMsgHandler = stub.runtime.onMessage._callbacks[0];
+    onMsgHandler(
+      { type: 'RECORDING_ERROR', error: 'codec-unsupported' },
+      { id: 'ext-id-test' },
+      vi.fn(),
+    );
+    for (let i = 0; i < 16; i++) await Promise.resolve();
+
+    expect(badgeTextCallsFor(stub, 'ERR').length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+    const yellowCalls = stub.action.setBadgeBackgroundColor.mock.calls.filter(
+      (args: unknown[]) => {
+        const opts = args[0] as { color?: unknown };
+        const color = typeof opts === 'object' && opts !== null ? opts.color : undefined;
+        return typeof color === 'string' && /^#F9A825$/i.test(color);
+      },
+    );
+    expect(yellowCalls.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+    const titleCalls = stub.action.setTitle.mock.calls.filter(
+      (args: unknown[]) => {
+        const opts = args[0] as { title?: unknown };
+        const title = typeof opts === 'object' && opts !== null ? opts.title : undefined;
+        return typeof title === 'string' && /error/i.test(title);
+      },
+    );
+    expect(titleCalls.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+  });
+
+  // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  // Test D — RECORDING_ERROR via onMessage triggers ERROR state (already
+  // covered by Test C but pinned here as a separate dispatch assertion).
+  // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  it('D: RECORDING_ERROR onMessage triggers setBadgeText("ERR") within a microtask', async () => {
+    const stub = buildBgStub();
+    (globalThis as unknown as GlobalWithBgChrome).chrome = stub;
+    (globalThis as unknown as GlobalWithBgChrome).indexedDB = { deleteDatabase: vi.fn() };
+
+    await import('../../src/background/index');
+    for (let i = 0; i < 8; i++) await Promise.resolve();
+
+    // Snapshot call count before — only the init OFF call should have fired.
+    const errCallsBefore = badgeTextCallsFor(stub, 'ERR').length;
+
+    const onMsgHandler = stub.runtime.onMessage._callbacks[0];
+    onMsgHandler(
+      { type: 'RECORDING_ERROR', error: 'capture-failed' },
+      { id: 'ext-id-test' },
+      vi.fn(),
+    );
+    for (let i = 0; i < 16; i++) await Promise.resolve();
+
+    const errCallsAfter = badgeTextCallsFor(stub, 'ERR').length;
+    expect(errCallsAfter - errCallsBefore).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+  });
+});

tests/background/onstartup-notification.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+// tests/background/onstartup-notification.test.ts
+//
+// Plan 01-09 Task 3 RED — pins the onStartup notification + recovery
+// notification + notifications.onClicked contract.
+
+import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
+
+interface OnConnectCallback { (port: unknown): void; }
+interface OnMessageCallback {
+  (msg: unknown, sender: { id?: string }, sendResponse: (r: unknown) => void): boolean;
+}
+interface OnClickedCallback { (info?: unknown): void | Promise<void>; }
+interface OnNotificationClickedCallback { (notificationId: string): void; }
+
+interface BgChromeStub {
+  runtime: {
+    id: string;
+    getURL: (p: string) => string;
+    getManifest: () => { version: string };
+    sendMessage: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+    onMessage: { addListener: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>; _callbacks: OnMessageCallback[] };
+    onConnect: { addListener: (cb: OnConnectCallback) => void; _callbacks: OnConnectCallback[] };
+    onInstalled: { addListener: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn> };
+    onStartup: { addListener: (cb: () => void) => void; _callbacks: Array<() => void> };
+  };
+  offscreen: {
+    hasDocument?: () => Promise<boolean>;
+    createDocument: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+    Reason: { DISPLAY_MEDIA: 'DISPLAY_MEDIA' };
+  };
+  tabs: {
+    query: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+    sendMessage: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+    captureVisibleTab: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  };
+  downloads: { download: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn> };
+  action: {
+    onClicked: { addListener: (cb: OnClickedCallback) => void; _callbacks: OnClickedCallback[] };
+    setPopup: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+    setBadgeText: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+    setBadgeBackgroundColor: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+    setTitle: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  };
+  notifications: {
+    create: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+    clear: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+    onClicked: {
+      addListener: (cb: OnNotificationClickedCallback) => void;
+      _callbacks: OnNotificationClickedCallback[];
+    };
+  };
+}
+
+interface GlobalWithBgChrome {
+  chrome?: BgChromeStub;
+  indexedDB?: { deleteDatabase: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn> };
+}
+
+function buildBgStub(): BgChromeStub {
+  const stub: BgChromeStub = {
+    runtime: {
+      id: 'ext-id-test',
+      getURL: (p) => `chrome-extension://ext-id-test/${p}`,
+      getManifest: () => ({ version: '1.0.0' }),
+      sendMessage: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+      onMessage: { addListener: vi.fn(), _callbacks: [] },
+      onConnect: { addListener: (cb) => stub.runtime.onConnect._callbacks.push(cb), _callbacks: [] },
+      onInstalled: { addListener: vi.fn() },
+      onStartup: { addListener: (cb) => stub.runtime.onStartup._callbacks.push(cb), _callbacks: [] },
+    },
+    offscreen: {
+      hasDocument: async () => false,
+      createDocument: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+      Reason: { DISPLAY_MEDIA: 'DISPLAY_MEDIA' },
+    },
+    tabs: {
+      query: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue([{ id: 1, url: 'https://example.com', windowId: 100 }]),
+      sendMessage: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ events: [], userEvents: [] }),
+      captureVisibleTab: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue('data:image/png;base64,xx'),
+    },
+    downloads: { download: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(1) },
+    action: {
+      onClicked: { addListener: (cb) => stub.action.onClicked._callbacks.push(cb), _callbacks: [] },
+      setPopup: vi.fn(),
+      setBadgeText: vi.fn(),
+      setBadgeBackgroundColor: vi.fn(),
+      setTitle: vi.fn(),
+    },
+    notifications: {
+      create: vi.fn(),
+      clear: vi.fn(),
+      onClicked: {
+        addListener: (cb) => stub.notifications.onClicked._callbacks.push(cb),
+        _callbacks: [],
+      },
+    },
+  };
+  stub.runtime.onMessage.addListener.mockImplementation((cb: OnMessageCallback) => {
+    stub.runtime.onMessage._callbacks.push(cb);
+  });
+  return stub;
+}
+
+describe('Plan 01-09 Task 3: chrome.runtime.onStartup notification contract', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.resetModules();
+  });
+
+  // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  // Test A — chrome.runtime.onStartup.addListener is registered at SW load
+  // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  it('A: chrome.runtime.onStartup.addListener is registered when SW module loads', async () => {
+    const stub = buildBgStub();
+    (globalThis as unknown as GlobalWithBgChrome).chrome = stub;
+    (globalThis as unknown as GlobalWithBgChrome).indexedDB = { deleteDatabase: vi.fn() };
+
+    await import('../../src/background/index');
+
+    expect(stub.runtime.onStartup._callbacks.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+  });
+
+  // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  // Test B — onStartup fires exactly one chrome.notifications.create call
+  // with the mokosh-startup- prefix and the expected message shape.
+  // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  it('B: firing onStartup creates exactly one mokosh-startup- notification', async () => {
+    const stub = buildBgStub();
+    (globalThis as unknown as GlobalWithBgChrome).chrome = stub;
+    (globalThis as unknown as GlobalWithBgChrome).indexedDB = { deleteDatabase: vi.fn() };
+
+    await import('../../src/background/index');
+
+    const createCallsBefore = stub.notifications.create.mock.calls.length;
+
+    // Fire onStartup.
+    const startupCb = stub.runtime.onStartup._callbacks[0];
+    startupCb();
+    for (let i = 0; i < 8; i++) await Promise.resolve();
+
+    const startupCalls = stub.notifications.create.mock.calls
+      .slice(createCallsBefore)
+      .filter((args: unknown[]) => {
+        const id = args[0] as unknown;
+        return typeof id === 'string' && id.startsWith('mokosh-startup-');
+      });
+    expect(startupCalls.length).toBe(1);
+
+    // Validate the options shape.
+    const opts = startupCalls[0][1] as {
+      type?: unknown; title?: unknown; message?: unknown;
+    };
+    expect(opts.type).toBe('basic');
+    expect(opts.title).toBe('Mokosh ready');
+    expect(typeof opts.message).toBe('string');
+    expect(/Click/i.test(String(opts.message))).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  // Test C — chrome.notifications.onClicked with a mokosh-startup- id
+  // calls clear() AND triggers startVideoCapture (sendMessage START_RECORDING).
+  // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  it('C: notifications.onClicked with mokosh- id clears + triggers START_RECORDING', async () => {
+    const stub = buildBgStub();
+    (globalThis as unknown as GlobalWithBgChrome).chrome = stub;
+    (globalThis as unknown as GlobalWithBgChrome).indexedDB = { deleteDatabase: vi.fn() };
+
+    await import('../../src/background/index');
+
+    // Set up port + OFFSCREEN_READY so startVideoCapture proceeds.
+    const port = {
+      name: 'video-keepalive',
+      sender: { id: 'ext-id-test' },
+      postMessage: vi.fn(),
+      onMessage: { addListener: vi.fn() },
+      onDisconnect: { addListener: vi.fn() },
+      disconnect: vi.fn(),
+    };
+    if (stub.runtime.onConnect._callbacks.length > 0) {
+      stub.runtime.onConnect._callbacks[0](port);
+    }
+    const onMsgHandler = stub.runtime.onMessage._callbacks[0];
+    onMsgHandler({ type: 'OFFSCREEN_READY' }, { id: 'ext-id-test' }, vi.fn());
+
+    // Synthesize the notification click.
+    const notifCb = stub.notifications.onClicked._callbacks[0];
+    notifCb('mokosh-startup-1234567890');
+    for (let i = 0; i < 32; i++) await Promise.resolve();
+
+    // clear() was called with the same id.
+    const clearCalls = stub.notifications.clear.mock.calls.filter(
+      (args: unknown[]) => args[0] === 'mokosh-startup-1234567890',
+    );
+    expect(clearCalls.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+
+    // START_RECORDING sent downstream.
+    const startCalls = stub.runtime.sendMessage.mock.calls.filter(
+      (args: unknown[]) => {
+        const msg = args[0] as { type?: unknown };
+        return typeof msg === 'object' && msg !== null && msg.type === 'START_RECORDING';
+      },
+    );
+    expect(startCalls.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+  });
+
+  // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  // Test D — receiving RECORDING_ERROR via onMessage triggers a recovery
+  // notification (id prefix 'mokosh-recovery-').
+  // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  it('D: RECORDING_ERROR onMessage triggers a mokosh-recovery- notification', async () => {
+    const stub = buildBgStub();
+    (globalThis as unknown as GlobalWithBgChrome).chrome = stub;
+    (globalThis as unknown as GlobalWithBgChrome).indexedDB = { deleteDatabase: vi.fn() };
+
+    await import('../../src/background/index');
+
+    const createCallsBefore = stub.notifications.create.mock.calls.length;
+
+    const onMsgHandler = stub.runtime.onMessage._callbacks[0];
+    onMsgHandler(
+      { type: 'RECORDING_ERROR', error: 'capture-failed' },
+      { id: 'ext-id-test' },
+      vi.fn(),
+    );
+    for (let i = 0; i < 16; i++) await Promise.resolve();
+
+    const recoveryCalls = stub.notifications.create.mock.calls
+      .slice(createCallsBefore)
+      .filter((args: unknown[]) => {
+        const id = args[0] as unknown;
+        return typeof id === 'string' && id.startsWith('mokosh-recovery-');
+      });
+    expect(recoveryCalls.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+  });
+});

tests/background/toolbar-action.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,378 @@
+// tests/background/toolbar-action.test.ts
+//
+// Plan 01-09 Task 3 RED — pins the chrome.action.onClicked routing
+// contract + setPopup state-machine + popup SAVE-only idle-race
+// behavior (W-02 fix). 5 tests; A/B/C/D RED for background, E RED
+// for popup-init. Task 4 GREEN.
+
+import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
+
+interface PortStub {
+  name: string;
+  sender?: { id?: string };
+  postMessage: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  onMessage: { addListener: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>; _listeners: Array<(m: unknown) => void> };
+  onDisconnect: { addListener: (fn: () => void) => void; _listeners: Array<() => void> };
+  disconnect: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+}
+
+function makePortStub(name = 'video-keepalive'): PortStub {
+  const port: PortStub = {
+    name,
+    sender: { id: 'ext-id-test' },
+    postMessage: vi.fn(),
+    onMessage: { addListener: vi.fn(), _listeners: [] },
+    onDisconnect: {
+      addListener: (fn) => { port.onDisconnect._listeners.push(fn); },
+      _listeners: [],
+    },
+    disconnect: vi.fn(),
+  };
+  port.onMessage.addListener.mockImplementation((fn: (m: unknown) => void) => {
+    port.onMessage._listeners.push(fn);
+  });
+  return port;
+}
+
+interface OnConnectCallback { (port: PortStub): void; }
+interface OnMessageCallback {
+  (msg: unknown, sender: { id?: string }, sendResponse: (r: unknown) => void): boolean;
+}
+interface OnClickedCallback { (info?: unknown): void | Promise<void>; }
+interface OnNotificationClickedCallback { (notificationId: string): void; }
+
+interface BgChromeStub {
+  runtime: {
+    id: string;
+    getURL: (p: string) => string;
+    getManifest: () => { version: string };
+    sendMessage: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+    onMessage: { addListener: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>; _callbacks: OnMessageCallback[] };
+    onConnect: { addListener: (cb: OnConnectCallback) => void; _callbacks: OnConnectCallback[] };
+    onInstalled: { addListener: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn> };
+    onStartup: { addListener: (cb: () => void) => void; _callbacks: Array<() => void> };
+  };
+  offscreen: {
+    hasDocument?: () => Promise<boolean>;
+    createDocument: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+    Reason: { DISPLAY_MEDIA: 'DISPLAY_MEDIA' };
+  };
+  tabs: {
+    query: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+    sendMessage: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+    captureVisibleTab: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  };
+  downloads: { download: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn> };
+  action: {
+    onClicked: { addListener: (cb: OnClickedCallback) => void; _callbacks: OnClickedCallback[] };
+    setPopup: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+    setBadgeText: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+    setBadgeBackgroundColor: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+    setTitle: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  };
+  notifications: {
+    create: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+    clear: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+    onClicked: {
+      addListener: (cb: OnNotificationClickedCallback) => void;
+      _callbacks: OnNotificationClickedCallback[];
+    };
+  };
+}
+
+interface GlobalWithBgChrome {
+  chrome?: BgChromeStub;
+  indexedDB?: { deleteDatabase: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn> };
+  fetch?: typeof fetch;
+}
+
+function buildBgStub(): BgChromeStub {
+  const stub: BgChromeStub = {
+    runtime: {
+      id: 'ext-id-test',
+      getURL: (p) => `chrome-extension://ext-id-test/${p}`,
+      getManifest: () => ({ version: '1.0.0' }),
+      sendMessage: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+      onMessage: { addListener: vi.fn(), _callbacks: [] },
+      onConnect: { addListener: (cb) => stub.runtime.onConnect._callbacks.push(cb), _callbacks: [] },
+      onInstalled: { addListener: vi.fn() },
+      onStartup: { addListener: (cb) => stub.runtime.onStartup._callbacks.push(cb), _callbacks: [] },
+    },
+    offscreen: {
+      hasDocument: async () => false,
+      createDocument: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+      Reason: { DISPLAY_MEDIA: 'DISPLAY_MEDIA' },
+    },
+    tabs: {
+      query: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue([{ id: 1, url: 'https://example.com', windowId: 100 }]),
+      sendMessage: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ events: [], userEvents: [] }),
+      captureVisibleTab: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue('data:image/png;base64,xx'),
+    },
+    downloads: { download: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(1) },
+    action: {
+      onClicked: { addListener: (cb) => stub.action.onClicked._callbacks.push(cb), _callbacks: [] },
+      setPopup: vi.fn(),
+      setBadgeText: vi.fn(),
+      setBadgeBackgroundColor: vi.fn(),
+      setTitle: vi.fn(),
+    },
+    notifications: {
+      create: vi.fn(),
+      clear: vi.fn(),
+      onClicked: {
+        addListener: (cb) => stub.notifications.onClicked._callbacks.push(cb),
+        _callbacks: [],
+      },
+    },
+  };
+  stub.runtime.onMessage.addListener.mockImplementation((cb: OnMessageCallback) => {
+    stub.runtime.onMessage._callbacks.push(cb);
+  });
+  return stub;
+}
+
+describe('Plan 01-09 Task 3: chrome.action.onClicked routing + setPopup state-machine', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.resetModules();
+  });
+
+  // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  // Test A — chrome.action.onClicked.addListener is registered at SW init
+  // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  it('A: chrome.action.onClicked.addListener is registered when SW initializes', async () => {
+    const stub = buildBgStub();
+    (globalThis as unknown as GlobalWithBgChrome).chrome = stub;
+    (globalThis as unknown as GlobalWithBgChrome).indexedDB = { deleteDatabase: vi.fn() };
+
+    await import('../../src/background/index');
+
+    expect(stub.action.onClicked._callbacks.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+  });
+
+  // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  // Test B — onClicked while NOT recording invokes startVideoCapture
+  // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  it('B: onClicked while not recording triggers startVideoCapture (sends START_RECORDING)', async () => {
+    const stub = buildBgStub();
+    (globalThis as unknown as GlobalWithBgChrome).chrome = stub;
+    (globalThis as unknown as GlobalWithBgChrome).indexedDB = { deleteDatabase: vi.fn() };
+
+    await import('../../src/background/index');
+
+    // Synthetically connect an offscreen port + signal OFFSCREEN_READY so
+    // startVideoCapture's await offscreenReady resolves.
+    const port = makePortStub();
+    if (stub.runtime.onConnect._callbacks.length > 0) {
+      stub.runtime.onConnect._callbacks[0](port);
+    }
+    // Fire OFFSCREEN_READY via the onMessage callback so the readiness
+    // Promise resolves.
+    const onMsgHandler = stub.runtime.onMessage._callbacks[0];
+    onMsgHandler({ type: 'OFFSCREEN_READY' }, { id: 'ext-id-test' }, vi.fn());
+
+    const cb = stub.action.onClicked._callbacks[0];
+    cb();
+
+    // Drain microtasks so startVideoCapture's await chain reaches sendMessage.
+    for (let i = 0; i < 32; i++) await Promise.resolve();
+
+    // The handler should have triggered a START_RECORDING sendMessage.
+    const startCalls = stub.runtime.sendMessage.mock.calls.filter(
+      (args: unknown[]) => {
+        const msg = args[0] as { type?: unknown };
+        return typeof msg === 'object' && msg !== null && msg.type === 'START_RECORDING';
+      },
+    );
+    expect(startCalls.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+  });
+
+  // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  // Test C — onClicked twice without intermediate state-clear does not
+  // double-start (defensive guard test). After the first onClicked fires
+  // and isRecording flips true, a second onClicked must NOT trigger a
+  // second startVideoCapture.
+  // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  it('C: onClicked while isRecording is true does NOT double-start', async () => {
+    const stub = buildBgStub();
+    (globalThis as unknown as GlobalWithBgChrome).chrome = stub;
+    (globalThis as unknown as GlobalWithBgChrome).indexedDB = { deleteDatabase: vi.fn() };
+
+    await import('../../src/background/index');
+
+    const port = makePortStub();
+    if (stub.runtime.onConnect._callbacks.length > 0) {
+      stub.runtime.onConnect._callbacks[0](port);
+    }
+    const onMsgHandler = stub.runtime.onMessage._callbacks[0];
+    onMsgHandler({ type: 'OFFSCREEN_READY' }, { id: 'ext-id-test' }, vi.fn());
+
+    const cb = stub.action.onClicked._callbacks[0];
+    // First click — should fire START_RECORDING and flip isRecording.
+    cb();
+    for (let i = 0; i < 32; i++) await Promise.resolve();
+    // Second click while already recording — should be a no-op.
+    cb();
+    for (let i = 0; i < 32; i++) await Promise.resolve();
+
+    const startCalls = stub.runtime.sendMessage.mock.calls.filter(
+      (args: unknown[]) => {
+        const msg = args[0] as { type?: unknown };
+        return typeof msg === 'object' && msg !== null && msg.type === 'START_RECORDING';
+      },
+    );
+    // Exactly ONE START_RECORDING across both clicks.
+    expect(startCalls.length).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  // Test D — setPopup state-machine: empty string in OFF (idle) mode, the
+  // popup html path in REC mode. Verified via setPopup spy call args.
+  // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  it('D: setPopup is called with "" in OFF mode and with popup html path in REC mode', async () => {
+    const stub = buildBgStub();
+    (globalThis as unknown as GlobalWithBgChrome).chrome = stub;
+    (globalThis as unknown as GlobalWithBgChrome).indexedDB = { deleteDatabase: vi.fn() };
+
+    await import('../../src/background/index');
+
+    // After init the SW should have entered idle mode → setPopup('').
+    for (let i = 0; i < 8; i++) await Promise.resolve();
+    const offCalls = stub.action.setPopup.mock.calls.filter(
+      (args: unknown[]) => {
+        const opts = args[0] as { popup?: unknown };
+        return typeof opts === 'object' && opts !== null && opts.popup === '';
+      },
+    );
+    expect(offCalls.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+
+    // Now trigger startVideoCapture via onClicked; this should set the
+    // popup back to the html path (REC mode).
+    const port = makePortStub();
+    if (stub.runtime.onConnect._callbacks.length > 0) {
+      stub.runtime.onConnect._callbacks[0](port);
+    }
+    const onMsgHandler = stub.runtime.onMessage._callbacks[0];
+    onMsgHandler({ type: 'OFFSCREEN_READY' }, { id: 'ext-id-test' }, vi.fn());
+
+    const cb = stub.action.onClicked._callbacks[0];
+    cb();
+    for (let i = 0; i < 32; i++) await Promise.resolve();
+
+    const recCalls = stub.action.setPopup.mock.calls.filter(
+      (args: unknown[]) => {
+        const opts = args[0] as { popup?: unknown };
+        return (
+          typeof opts === 'object' &&
+          opts !== null &&
+          typeof opts.popup === 'string' &&
+          (opts.popup as string).includes('popup/index.html')
+        );
+      },
+    );
+    expect(recCalls.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+  });
+});
+
+// ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+// Test E — popup-loads-when-idle race pin (W-02 fix).
+//
+// Node-env-friendly: jsdom is not installed; instead we manually stub
+// the document/event surface the popup module touches at init time.
+// The popup uses: getElementById('saveButton'/'statusMessage'),
+// querySelector('.button-text'), addEventListener (button + document).
+// ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+interface ElementStub {
+  textContent: string;
+  className: string;
+  disabled?: boolean;
+  querySelector?: (sel: string) => ElementStub | null;
+  addEventListener?: (ev: string, cb: () => void) => void;
+}
+
+interface DocumentStub {
+  getElementById: (id: string) => ElementStub | null;
+  addEventListener: (ev: string, cb: () => void) => void;
+  _docListeners: Map<string, Array<() => void>>;
+  querySelector: (sel: string) => ElementStub | null;
+}
+
+function buildDocumentStub(): {
+  doc: DocumentStub;
+  saveBtn: ElementStub;
+  statusMsg: ElementStub;
+  buttonText: ElementStub;
+} {
+  const buttonText: ElementStub = {
+    textContent: '',
+    className: '',
+  };
+  const saveBtn: ElementStub = {
+    textContent: '',
+    className: '',
+    disabled: true,
+    querySelector: (sel: string) => (sel === '.button-text' ? buttonText : null),
+    addEventListener: vi.fn(),
+  };
+  const statusMsg: ElementStub = {
+    textContent: '',
+    className: '',
+  };
+  const docListeners = new Map<string, Array<() => void>>();
+  const doc: DocumentStub = {
+    getElementById: (id: string) => {
+      if (id === 'saveButton') return saveBtn;
+      if (id === 'statusMessage') return statusMsg;
+      return null;
+    },
+    addEventListener: (ev: string, cb: () => void) => {
+      const list = docListeners.get(ev) ?? [];
+      list.push(cb);
+      docListeners.set(ev, list);
+    },
+    _docListeners: docListeners,
+    querySelector: () => null,
+  };
+  return { doc, saveBtn, statusMsg, buttonText };
+}
+
+describe('Plan 01-09 Task 3 Test E: popup SAVE-only contract (W-02 fix)', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.resetModules();
+  });
+
+  it('E1+E2: popup init does NOT send REQUEST_PERMISSIONS AND saveButton is enabled', async () => {
+    const { doc, saveBtn } = buildDocumentStub();
+    (globalThis as unknown as { document?: unknown }).document = doc;
+
+    const sendMessageSpy = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ granted: false });
+    (globalThis as unknown as { chrome?: unknown }).chrome = {
+      runtime: {
+        id: 'ext-id-test',
+        sendMessage: sendMessageSpy,
+        onMessage: { addListener: vi.fn() },
+      },
+    };
+
+    await import('../../src/popup/index');
+
+    // Fire DOMContentLoaded via the captured doc listeners.
+    const cbs = doc._docListeners.get('DOMContentLoaded') ?? [];
+    cbs.forEach((cb) => cb());
+
+    // Drain microtasks so any async init paths complete.
+    for (let i = 0; i < 16; i++) await Promise.resolve();
+
+    // E1 — no REQUEST_PERMISSIONS at popup-open.
+    const reqPermCalls = sendMessageSpy.mock.calls.filter(
+      (args: unknown[]) => {
+        const msg = args[0] as { type?: unknown };
+        return typeof msg === 'object' && msg !== null && msg.type === 'REQUEST_PERMISSIONS';
+      },
+    );
+    expect(reqPermCalls.length).toBe(0);
+
+    // E2 — SAVE button enabled regardless of chrome round-trip result.
+    expect(saveBtn.disabled).toBe(false);
+  });
+});